Ukwelashwa Nge-Pickling Phosphating
Kuyini i-pickling phosphating
Kuyinqubo yokwelapha ubuso bensimbi, ukukhahlela kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi eningi ukuhlanza insimbi ukuze kususwe ukugqwala kobuso. Ukukhahlela kuhilela ukucwilisa insimbi ehlanzwe nge-asidi ngesisombululo se-phosphating ukuze kwakhiwe ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni, engavimbela ukugqwala futhi ithuthukise ukunamathela kopende ukuze kulungiselelwe isinyathelo esilandelayo.
Ukuqoqwa kokususa ukugqwala nokususa igwebu kuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezimboni. Inhloso yokususa ukugqwala nokususa isikhumba ifinyelelwa ngokususa i-hydrogen ngomshini ekhiqizwa ukuncibilika kwe-oxide nokugqwala nge-asidi. Ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ekuqoqweni yi-hydrochloric acid, i-sulfuric acid kanye ne-phosphoric acid. I-nitric acid ayisetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba ikhiqiza igesi enobuthi ye-nitrogen dioxide ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa. Ukuqoqwa kwe-hydrochloric acid kufanele kusetshenziswe emazingeni okushisa aphansi, akufanele kudlule ku-45℃, ukusetshenziswa kokuhlushwa okungu-10% kuya ku-45%, kufanele futhi kufakwe inani elifanele le-acid mist inhibitor kufanelekile. I-sulfuric acid emazingeni okushisa aphansi ijubane lokuqoqwa komkhiqizo lihamba kancane kakhulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe ekushiseni okuphakathi, izinga lokushisa elingu-50 ~ 80℃, ukusetshenziswa kokuhlushwa okungu-10% ~ 25%. Inzuzo yokugaya i-phosphoric acid ukuthi ngeke ikhiqize izinsalela ezibolayo (cishe kuzoba nezinsalela ze-Cl-, SO42- ngemva kokugaya i-hydrochloric acid kanye ne-sulfuric acid), okuphephile kakhulu, kodwa ukungathandeki kwe-phosphoric acid ukuthi izindleko ziphakeme, ijubane lokugaya lihamba kancane, ukuhlushwa okuvamile kokusetshenziswa okungu-10% kuya ku-40%, kanti izinga lokushisa lokwelapha lingaba izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lifike ku-80℃. Enqubweni yokugaya, ukusetshenziswa kwama-acid axubile nakho kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu, njenge-hydrochloric-sulfuric acid mixed acid, i-phospho-citric acid mixed acid. Inani elifanele lokuvimbela ukugqwala kumele lifakwe kusisombululo sethangi lokugaya, ukususa ukugqwala kanye nokususa i-oxidation. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuvimbela ukugqwala, futhi ukukhetha kulula kakhulu, futhi indima yalo ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwensimbi nokuvimbela "ukubhidlika kwe-hydrogen". Kodwa-ke, lapho uthatha izinto zokusebenza ezibucayi "ze-hydrogen embrittleness", ukukhetha izinto ezivimbela ukugqwala kufanele kuqaphele kakhulu, ngoba ezinye izinto ezivimbela ukugqwala zivimbela ukusabela kwama-athomu amabili e-hydrogen abe ama-molecule e-hydrogen, okungukuthi: 2[H]→H2↑, ukuze ukuhlushwa kwama-athomu e-hydrogen ebusweni bensimbi kukhuphuke, okwandisa ukuthambekela "kwe-hydrogen embrittleness". Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubheka incwadi yedatha yokugqwala noma ukwenza isivivinyo "se-hydrogen embrittlements" ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisa izinto ezivimbela ukugqwala eziyingozi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza izimboni - ukuhlanza nge-laser eluhlaza
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser obubizwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe bubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni komsebe we-laser onamandla aphezulu ukuze kukhanye ubuso bento yokusebenza, ukuze ubuso bokungcola, ukugqwala noma ukumbozwa kuphume ngokushesha noma kususwe, kususwe ngokushesha nangokuphumelelayo kokunamathiselwa kobuso bento noma ukumbozwa kobuso, ukuze kufezwe inqubo ehlanzekile. Buwubuchwepheshe obusha obusekelwe emphumeleni wokuxhumana kwe-laser nezinto, futhi bunezinzuzo ezisobala uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlanza zendabuko njengokuhlanza ngomshini, ukuhlanza ngokugqwala ngamakhemikhali, ukuhlanza okuqinile okuqinile okuqinile, ukuhlanza nge-ultrasonic okuvama kakhulu. Buyasebenza kahle, bushesha, buphansi, bunzima obuncane kanye nomthwalo womshini ku-substrate, futhi abulimazi ukuhlanza; Imfucuza ingaphinde isetshenziswe, akukho ukungcola kwemvelo okuphephile futhi okuthembekile, ayilimazi impilo yomqhubi angasusa ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene, izingxenye ezahlukene zenqubo yokuhlanza izinga lokumboza kulula ukufeza ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlanza kokulawula okukude nokunye.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser obuluhlaza nobungangcolisi buxazulula ngokuphelele ukugxekwa kokungcola kwemvelo kobuchwepheshe bokwelapha nge-pickling phosphating. Ubuchwepheshe bokuvikela imvelo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza okuluhlaza - "ukuhlanza nge-laser" baba khona futhi bakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko kanye nokusetshenziswa kwabo kuhola ushintsho olusha lwemodeli yokuhlanza yezimboni futhi kuletha ukubukeka okusha embonini yokwelapha ubuso bomhlaba.